New formulation of EESC
نویسندگان
چکیده
A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) P. A. Newman, J. S. Daniel, D. W. Waugh, and E. R. Nash Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA Received: 27 February 2007 – Accepted: 19 March 2007 – Published: 22 March 2007 Correspondence to: P. A. Newman ([email protected])
منابع مشابه
A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC)
Equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) is a convenient parameter to quantify the effects of halogens (chlorine and bromine) on ozone depletion in the stratosphere. We show, discuss, and analyze a new formulation of EESC that now includes the effects of age-of-air dependent fractional release values and an age-of-air spectrum. This EESC can be more appropriately applied to various pa...
متن کاملInteractive comment on “A new formulation of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC)” by P. A. Newman et al
The present paper (Newman et al.,) reports on a new formulation of the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), and attempts to forecast the EESC for the coming decades. Notwithstanding that such a study could make a very valuable contribution to prognose the future threat of the ozone layer by halogens, it largely fails to calibrate the forecast with past and present field data. As ...
متن کاملEvaluation of Patient- and Parent-Rated Emotional Expression Using the Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) in an Observational Study of ADHD in Children and Adolescents
Background: The assessment of emotional expression in patients with ADHD can differ between parent/caregiver and child. Therefore, a new patient-rated version of the Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) was created and psychometrically analysed. Methods: This is a 6-month follow-up data analysis of a multicenter, prospective, 12-month observational study in children and adolescents ...
متن کاملEmotional expression during attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders treatment: initial assessment of treatment effects.
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to provide an initial examination of the effects of atomoxetine and stimulants on emotional expression using a newly developed scale for assessing emotional expression in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD The parent-rated Expression and Emotion Scale for Children (EESC) was collected during two studies. During a cr...
متن کاملA cross-sectional survey of emergency and essential surgical care capacity among hospitals with high trauma burden in a Central African country.
BACKGROUND As the overwhelming surgical burden of injury and disease steadily increases, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries, adequate surgical and trauma care systems are essential. Yet, little is known about the emergency and essential surgical care (EESC) capacity of facilities in many African countries. The objective of this study was to assess the EESC capacity in...
متن کامل